- Integrity: comprises both straightforward dealing and completeness. It is based on (a) honesty and objectivity, and (b) high standards of property and probity in the stewardship of public funds and resources, and management of an entity’s affairs. It depends on the effectiveness and the control framework, and on the personal standards and professionalism of the individuals within the entity. It is reflected both in the entity’s decision-making procedures, and in the quality of its financial and performance reporting

- Accountability: the process whereby public sector entities, and the individuals within them (a) are responsible for their decisions and actions, including their stewardship of public funds and all aspects of performance, and (b) submit themselves to appropriate external scrutiny. It is achieved with a clear understanding by all parties of those responsibilities, and with clearky defined roles through a robust structure. In effect, accountability is the obligation to answer for a responsibility

- Transparency (opennes): is required to ensure that stakeholders can have confidence in (a) the decision-making processes and actions of public sector entities, (b) the management of their activities, and (c) the individuals within them. Opennes through meaningful consultation with stakeholders and communication of full, accurate, and clear information leads to effective and timely action, and stands up to necessary scrutiny.

Source; IFA (Evaluating and Improving Governance in Organizations, 2009, p. 20)